答李翊书
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唐代]：韩愈
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六月二十六日，愈白。李生足下：生之书辞甚高，而其问何下而恭也。能如是，谁不欲告生以其道？道德之归也有日矣，况其外之文乎？抑愈所谓望孔子之门墙而不入于其宫者，焉足以知是且非邪？虽然，不可不为生言之。
生所谓“立言”者，是也；生所为者与所期者，甚似而几矣。抑不知生之志：蕲胜于人而取于人邪？将蕲至于古之立言者邪？蕲胜于人而取于人，则固胜于人而可取于人矣！将蕲至于古之立言者，则无望其速成，无诱于势利，养其根而俟其实，加其膏而希其光。根之茂者其实遂，膏之沃者其光晔。仁义之人，其言蔼如也。
抑又有难者。愈之所为，不自知其至犹未也；虽然，学之二十余年矣。始者，非三代两汉之书不敢观，非圣人之志不敢存。处若忘，行若遗，俨乎其若思，茫乎其若迷。当其取于心而注于手也，惟陈言之务去，戛戛乎其难哉！其观于人，不知其非笑之为非笑也。如是者亦有年，犹不改。然后识古书之正伪，与虽正而不至焉者，昭昭然白黑分矣，而务去之，乃徐有得也。
当其取于心而注于手也，汩汩然来矣。其观于人也，笑之则以为喜，誉之则以为忧，以其犹有人之说者存也。如是者亦有年，然后浩乎其沛然矣。吾又惧其杂也，迎而距之，平心而察之，其皆醇也，然后肆焉。虽然，不可以不养也，行之乎仁义之途，游之乎诗书之源，无迷其途，无绝其源，终吾身而已矣。
气，水也；言，浮物也。水大而物之浮者大小毕浮。气之与言犹是也，气盛则言之短长与声之高下者皆宜。虽如是，其敢自谓几于成乎？虽几于成，其用于人也奚取焉？虽然，待用于人者，其肖于器邪？用与舍属诸人。君子则不然。处心有道，行己有方，用则施诸人，舍则传诸其徒，垂诸文而为后世法。如是者，其亦足乐乎？其无足乐也？
有志乎古者希矣，志乎古必遗乎今。吾诚乐而悲之。亟称其人，所以劝之，非敢褒其可褒而贬其可贬也。问于愈者多矣，念生之言不志乎利，聊相为言之。愈白。
答李翊书鉴赏
韩愈认为有较高的道德修养是为文的前提。他在《答李翊书》的开头说：“生之书辞甚高，而其问何下而恭也！能如是，谁不欲告生以其道？道德之归有日矣，况其外文乎？”由此可见，他认为德是文章的内核，文是德之载体，或者说是外在的表现形式。这和他所一贯倡导的“文以载道”说是相一致的。如，他在《争臣论》一文中说：“君子居其位，则思死其官；未得位，则思修其辞以明其道。我将以明道也，非以为直而加人也。”在《答李秀才书》中说：“愈之所志于古者，不惟其辞之好，好其道焉耳。”
那么，“道”和“文”怎样能相促相长，达到较高的水准呢？他在《答李翊书》的第二段形象的论述了这个问题，他说：“将蕲至于古之立言者，则无望其速成，无诱于势利，养其根而竢其食，加其膏而希其光。根之茂者其实遂，膏之沃者其光晔，仁义之人，其言蔼如也。”要写好文章，不要只是想去寻找一盒能让东施变西施的外用美丽霜，不要被狭隘的功利所驱谴，而要像为树养根，给灯加油那样，去加强道德修养，有了教高的道德水准，诗之树、文之灯才根深叶茂、光焰万丈！有了较高的道德修养，就有了经济苍生的使命感，就有了悯难怜弱的同情心，就有了正道直言的方正人格，遇不平则鸣，有愤激则书，敢于为民请命，敢于为一切正义和真理摇旗呐喊、奔走呼号。金银财色不能动其心，酷刑利刃不能钳其口。想不说话是多么难的一件事呀，何需挖空心思、搜肠刮肚、冥搜虚饰以敷缀其文呢？
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柳宗元《
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封建论》
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韩愈《
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调张籍》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。
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