惜琼花·汀苹白
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宋代]：张先
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汀苹白。苕水碧。每逢花驻乐，随处欢席。别时携手看春色。萤火而今，飞破秋夕。
旱河流，如带窄。任身轻似叶，何计归得。断云孤鹜青山极。楼上徘徊，无尽相忆。
惜琼花·汀苹白鉴赏
此为怀人思归之词。全词大开大合地转换时空，将怀人思归之情节序交替和情事变故中层层演绎出来。词人将昔日故乡春光的艳丽和当日异乡秋色的萧索加以比照，又以昔日的纵情宴游、意气风发与当日的独倚危楼、落寞消沉进行对比，通过今昔对比的总体布局，从纵的方面加强了情感的深度、力度。
上片追忆昔日游春、欢宴和别离的情景，通过景物色调、环境气氛的映衬比照，展现今昔生活的巨大变化。首二句以当日春景起兴，兼点时令、地点。“苕水”即苕溪，作者家乡浙江吴兴。苕溪一带，向以风光秀美著称。词写故乡春色，独取白苹、碧水等色调鲜明的景物，组成一幅明丽的画面：汀上苹花盛开，洁白似雪；苕溪青波涟涟，水色如碧。“白”、“碧”二字，设色浓淡相宜，点染出江南的无限春意。三、四句因景及人，着意描绘昔日当此良辰美景，徜徉于花前，寄情于山水，陶醉于筵席的种种赏心乐事。两句中“每逢”从时间上说，“随处”从空间上说，强调时时处处，逢花则乐，遇席则欢，以此提挈笔势，推进感情，其纵情游赏的怡然之乐，溢于纸外。接着用“别时携手看春色”，挽住对旧游的追忆。由欢会而别离，词情因之一转。此句承上启下，暗中转折，直跌出上片煞拍处的“萤火”二句。昔日的故乡欢会，忽成当日的异乡独处；记忆中的旖旎春光，忽成眼前秋夕流萤的惨淡景象。转瞬之间，情景陡变。上片前五句虚景实写，层层开宕；后二句由昔而今，落到现况。
下片“汴河流，如带窄”两句景情缘生，融情入景，将蜿蜒远去的滔滔河水与长流不尽的绵绵乡思融化一起，营造出流水不息，思乡不已的意境。底下“任身轻似叶，何计归得？”正是即景而生的无限盼想。波上之叶，本与水俱往，叶随水去，可漂流到日思夜想的家乡。但作者说即使河如带窄，身轻似叶，仍难归去，则更深一层地写出欲归不得，的凄苦情怀。接着转换笔锋，由俯视写到仰视。作者望乡心切，凝神远眺，然而望尽寥廓的天宇，唯见断云悠悠飘浮，孤鹜渐渐远去；天之尽头，更有一抹青山，遮住望眼。从全词看，此句造境尤高远阔大。词中所展拓的境界愈阔大，所引逗的情思往往愈绵邈深长。这句中，云是飘浮无依的“断云”，鹜是离群失所的“孤鹜”，以此映衬自己的飘零身世和孤寂处境，可谓妙合无垠。而天之尽头的青山远影，则给人以归路迢迢、归期渺茫之感。词末由凭高临眺之景，自然过渡到凭高临眺之人。煞拍“无尽相忆”一句，感情份量极重。“相忆”二字，与上片遥相呼应，传达出一种相思而不能相见的惆怅。回首昔日，欢宴难再，往事成空；思想眼前，楼上徘徊，归思难收。全词以徘徊楼上的自我形象作结，凄惋动人，有余而不尽之韵。
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纳兰性德《
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点绛唇·一种蛾眉》
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周邦彦《
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风流子·新绿小池塘》
张先简介
唐代·张先的简介
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张先（990－1078），字子野，乌程（今浙江湖州吴兴）人。北宋时期著名的词人，曾任安陆县的知县，因此人称“张安陆”。天圣八年进士，官至尚书都官郎中。晚年退居湖杭之间。曾与梅尧臣、欧阳修、苏轼等游。善作慢词，与柳永齐名，造语工巧，曾因三处善用“影”字，世称张三影。
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