题破山寺后禅院
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唐代]：常建
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万籁此都寂，但余钟磬音。(版本一)
曲径通幽处，禅房花木深。
万籁此俱寂，惟余钟磬音。(版本二)
万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音。(版本三)
曲径通幽处，禅房花木深。
万籁此俱寂，但余钟磬音。(版本四)
题破山寺后禅院鉴赏
《题破山寺后禅院》是一首题壁诗。破山寺，即兴福寺，在今江苏常熟市西北虞山上。唐代咏寺诗为数不少，且有很多佳作。常建的《题破山寺后禅院》，构思独具特色，它紧紧围绕破山寺后禅房来写，描绘出了这特定境界中所独有的静趣。
首联"清晨入古寺，初日照高林"，落笔勾勒出清晨时分后禅房四周的环境。早晨，初升的红日将金色的阳光洒向寺院，洒向虞山之中的林木，使寺院变得更加绚丽明亮，高耸入空的山林也变得更加翠绿葱茏，令人心旷神怡。这里，一个"入"字，写出了古寺美景之幽远，一个"照"字又将旭日东升时的勃勃生机给刻写得出神入化，透露出诗人欣喜昂扬的情绪。首联是写后禅院的远景，为下文的近景刻画打下了基础。
颔联"曲径通幽处，禅房花木深"，点出题中"后禅院"三字，描写出通向后禅院弯曲幽深的小路和后禅院景色的幽静迷人。僧房深藏在花木丛中，香气馥郁，宋欧阳修曾感慨地称赞道："我常喜诵常建诗云：‘竹径通幽处，禅房花木深’。故仿其语作一联，久不可得，乃知造意者唯难工也。"这一联的美，不仅体现在写景的准确传神上，而且表现在其思想内涵的深邃上。佛教提倡眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意六根清净，无欲无求，苦修苦行，而后禅院却花木繁茂，清香扑鼻，由此含蓄曲折地表现僧侣们内心对美的热烈向往和执着追求。“曲径通幽”之美学在中国古典园林上有广泛运用。
颈联和尾联在意念上紧承颔联，颔联写诗人的发现之美，追寻之乐，这两联则通过有声有色、有动有静、有情有态的景物描写来渲染佛门禅理涤荡人心、怡神悦志的作用，在给读者带来美的享受的同时又把读者带进幽美绝世的佛门世界。诗人举目四望，只见艳阳高照，天地生辉，翠竹幽林沐浴在阳光灿烂之中熠熠生辉，眩人眼目；活泼小鸟欢飞在茂林修竹之间自由自在，惹人羡慕。禅房前面是一池清澈见底的水潭，蓝天白云、茂林修竹倒映其间，给人以洁净空明、心旷神怡之感。“空人心”应对上句“悦鸟性”，点示如此空灵纯洁的世界的确可以涤除尘念，净化心灵；“悦鸟性”又暗示人只有象鸟一样，远离凡尘，回归自然，崇佛信道，才能保持本真，逍遥适世。颈联写山光物态，写小鸟欢飞，写潭影空明，无一不在形象地暗示禅味佛理感化人心，净化灵魂的奇妙作用。
尾联两句以声衬静，营造一个万籁俱寂的境界，这与王维的"蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽。"有异曲同工之妙。钟磬之音，远远超出了“晨钟暮鼓”的报时功能，而被赋予一些寓意深微的象征意义，这是来自佛门圣地的世外之音，这是引领人们进入纯净怡悦世界的奇妙佛音，这是回荡在人们心灵深处的天籁之音，悠扬而宏亮，深邃而超脱。显然，诗人欣赏这禅院与世隔绝的居处，领略这空门忘情尘俗的意境，寄托了自己遁世无门的情怀，礼赞了佛门超拔脱俗的神秘境界。
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杜甫《
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望岳》
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陈子昂《
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登幽州台歌》
常建简介
唐代·常建的简介
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常建(708-765)，唐代诗人，字号不详，有说是邢台人或说长安（今陕西西安）人，开元十五年与王昌龄同榜进士，长仕宦不得意，来往山水名胜，过着一个很长时期的漫游生活。后移家隐居鄂渚。大历中，曾任盱眙尉。
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