野歌
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唐代]：李贺
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鸦翎羽箭山桑弓，仰天射落衔芦鸿。
麻衣黑肥冲北风，带酒日晚歌田中。
男儿屈穷心不穷，枯荣不等嗔天公。
寒风又变为春柳，条条看即烟濛濛。
野歌译文及注释
译文
拉开山桑木制成的弓，仰天射出用乌鸦羽毛作箭羽的箭，弦响箭飞，高空中口衔芦苇疾飞而过的大雁应声中箭，跌落下来。
穿着肥硕宽大的黑色粗麻布衣服，迎着呼啸的北风，在田野里烧烤着猎获物，饮酒高歌，直到暮色四起，黄昏来临。
大丈夫虽身受压抑遭遇困窘，才志不得伸展，但心志不可沉沦。愤怒问天公：上天为什么要作有枯有荣这样不公平的安排？
凛冽寒风终将过去，即将到来的应是和煦春风拂绿枯柳。到那时缀满嫩绿的柳条看上去正好像轻烟笼罩一般摇曳多姿。
注释
野歌：在田野中放声高歌。
鸦翎羽箭：用乌鸦羽毛做成的箭。山桑：即桑树，木质坚韧，可制弓箭。
衔芦鸿：口衔着芦苇的大雁。传说大雁为躲避对手，经常衔着芦苇而飞。
麻衣：这里指寒士穿的粗布麻衣。黑肥：形容衣服肮脏肥大。
屈穷：指有才志而不能施展。屈：不伸。穷：困。
枯荣：贱贵。指人生的得意和失意。嗔：生气发怒。天公：老天。
看即：随即，转眼。
参考资料：
1、冯浩非 徐传武．李贺诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：222-223
2、吴企明 编选．李贺集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：21-23
野歌创作背景
此诗当是青年诗人虽遭挫折但对社会还充满希望时的真实心态，其写作年代似乎以定于遭谗落第之后、长安任职之前的时段为宜。
参考资料：
1、吴企明 编选．李贺集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：21-23
野歌鉴赏
《野歌》在李贺的诗作中别具一格。诗的开头两句：“鸦翎羽箭山桑弓，仰天射落衔芦鸿。”表象地看是写仰天射鸿的高超射技，实际上是借此喻指诗人凭借出众才华来到京都准备在应举考试中摘冠折桂。其中“弓”、“箭”喻指诗人的文学才华，诗人要仰望的天街是京都，诗人要射落的“鸿”是要折桂中举。诗人以形象化的比喻描绘出自己的理想宏愿。事实上，凭着令位尊名重的文学家韩愈大为赏识的文学才华，诗人要应试中举犹如“仰天射落衔芦鸿”一般，容易得手。可正在诗人踌躇满志之时，意想不到的事情发生了，一些嫉妒诗人才华的举子，对他进行诽谤，说他父亲名叫“晋肃”，“晋”与“进”同音，他应当避父亲的名讳，不该参加礼部的考试，甚至有人攻击他“轻薄”。这一意外的打击使诗人无缘中举，只得懊恼地回到家乡。
诗的三、四句“麻衣黑肥冲北风，带酒日晚歌田中”正是诗人在理想与现实极度矛盾的情况下排解郁结在心头的苦闷与悲愤的一种方式。一方面，遭谗落第，仕途受阻，诗人自然会产生沮丧、懊恼、悲怆之情，诗人自然会有不遇之感，有愤懑要发抒。另一方面，此时的诗人虽遭受意外的人生挫折，但内心依然充盈着入仕的锐气，期望冲破困境，寻求光明未来。所以，他很快从颓唐中振作起来，如同在《开愁歌》中以“临岐击剑”、解衣贳酒、“壶中唤天”的狂放方式抒发仕进受阻的激愤一样，诗人以肥衣冲风、带酒晚歌的洒脱方式表达对嫉妒、诽谤自己的可恶小人和听信谗言、草率取士的礼部考官的极大愤慨。应该说，中举的期望值越高，希望越大，落第的打击会越大，理想与现实的巨大反差促成的愤慨也就越强烈。诗人这种特有的洒脱方式正是内心强烈愤慨的自然渲泄。不唯如此，“麻衣黑肥冲北风”中的“黑”与“北”二字也值得特别关注。“黑”字隐约给了诗人一种环境过于压抑和阴森的感觉，“北”风让诗人敏感于世风的炎凉，人情的冷漠。置身于如此压抑和阴森的社会环境，面对如此炎凉的世风、冷漠的人情，诗人依然肥衣冲风、饮酒高歌，其感情何其沉郁愤激，其气概何其慷慨豪迈！如此开怀畅饮，长时间纵情高歌，一个豪放、洒脱的诗人形象便宛然如立眼前。
诗的五、六句“男儿屈穷心不穷，枯荣不等嗔天公”是诗人不甘沉沦的自勉。尽管自己落第与别人折桂的不同遭遇（“枯荣不等”）令人沮丧、懊恼，造成这种不公平命运的礼部考官（“天公”）理当受到责怪，然而诗人相信总有一天会“雄鸡一声天下白”，“少年心事当挐云”（《致酒行》）。在他心目中，严冬过后终将是生机盎然的春天：“寒风又变为春柳，条条看即烟蒙蒙。”他能够乐观自信地在困境中唱出“天眼何时开，古剑庸一吼”（《赠陈商》）的诗句，迸发出施展抱负、实现理想的呼声。正因为诗人对光明未来充满信心，因此他在遭谗落第回到家乡的同年秋天（元和三年九、十月间）再次来到洛阳寻求政治出路，冬天西去长安求仕，第二年（元和四年，公元809年）的春天谋取了奉礼郎一职，当上了从九品上的小京官，终于开始了他并不适意的政治生涯。
整首诗扣题叙事，前四句叙事，后四句抒怀。因事抒怀，叙事抒怀，紧密关联。叙事之中有援箭引弓、仰天射鸿、肥衣冲风、饮酒高歌的形象描写，有箭飞弦响、大雁哀鸣、北风呼啸、诗人高歌繁多声响的奏鸣渲染。抒怀之时有感叹不遇、不甘沉沦的内心表白，有寒风变春柳、枯柳笼轻烟的艺术遐思。叙事之中以形象的描写、声响的渲染抒泄身受压抑、才志不得伸展的强烈愤激，抒怀之时以内心的独白、艺术的遐思表达出乐观、自勉之情。愤激之中呈现出狂放、豪迈、洒脱的形象，自勉之时犹见积极用世、奋发有为之志。这样，诗人受压抑但并不沉沦，虽愤激犹能自勉的情怀充溢在诗的字里行间，让人读来为之欣慰和感奋。
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李涉《
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井栏砂宿遇夜客》
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李梦阳《
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石将军战场歌》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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肃靖王
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天山青控戍楼中，画角呜呜咽晚空。沙碛雨颓逢箭镞，战场风急转河蓬。
李陵望国台犹在，蔡琰悲笳怨未穷。猎骑遥遥入霜雾，鸊鹈泉外夕阳红。
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献姚石甫先生即以赠别 其二
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清代：
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龙启瑞
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未了看山愿，城西住少时。梦犹京阙恋，归为友朋迟。
黄叶声中酒，苍葭阁上诗。东瀛一回首，挥涕万人知。
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题张叔平红崖碑后
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清代：
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司炳煃
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张君好游复好奇，逍遥不受名利羁。东行泰岱西咸池，凌跨三湘吊九嶷。
茧足不遗蛮与夷，直到吾黔罗甸之边陲。红崖山石如猊狮，红崖文字如龙夔。