题胡逸老致虚庵
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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藏书万卷可教子，遗金满籯常作灾。
能与贫人共年谷，必有明月生蚌胎。
山随宴坐图画出，水作夜窗风雨来。
观水观山皆得妙，更将何物污灵台。
题胡逸老致虚庵译文及注释
译文
藏书万卷可以用来教子，留金满箱往往成为祸灾。
能与贫人共享年谷，定有明珠生长在蚌胎。
山景随着宴坐如画图呈现，水声透过夜窗像风雨传来。
观山观水都能领略妙趣，还有什么等污染灵台。
注释
胡逸老：生平不详。致虚庵：胡逸老的书房名。
遗金满籯（yíng）：语本《汉书·韦贤传》：“遗子黄金满籯，不如一经。”籯：竹箱。作：兴起，成为。
明月：指珍珠。明珠出于老蚌，比喻佳子弟出于门庭。
宴坐：闲坐。图画：一作“画图”。
观水观山：一作“观山观水”。
灵台：此指心。这里暗用了神秀和慧能两首著名的《菩提偈》诗意。末二句一作“莫将世事侵两鬓，小庵观静锁灵台”。
参考资料：
1、朱安群 等．黄庭坚诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：165-166
题胡逸老致虚庵创作背景
宋徽宗崇宁元年（1102年），黄庭坚离开谪居已久的川蜀，次年又贬往广西宣州。这首诗就写于两次贬谪之间，其时诗人的生活与心境都相对稳定。当时作者由湘返赣，途中经过胡逸老的住处，题诗相赠。
参考资料：
1、朱明伦 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：563
2、朱安群 等．黄庭坚诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：165-166
题胡逸老致虚庵鉴赏
从诗中可知，胡逸老此人为人不慕荣利，雅有山水之趣。黄庭坚在敬慕的同时，也表明了自己的高雅情怀。
诗人先发议论：诗书传家能使后代成才，而遗金满篓往往给子孙招来祸害。这里用了韦贤的典故。据《汉书·韦贤传》，韦贤号称邹鲁大儒，教育了四个儿子，都很有成就。赞美了胡逸老的诗礼传家，显示其品格的清高，令人仰慕。首联二句劈空而来，气势惊挺。
颔联承上，进一步赞美庵主的仁爱之心。说他在灾年能拿出粮食与贫人共享，和气必能致祥，后代必得佳子弟。这里用了韦康、韦诞兄弟的典故。据《三国志·魏书·荀彧传》裴松之注，孔融赞扬韦端的两个儿子韦康与韦诞为一双明珠。诗人意谓，胡逸老必能像韦端那样，明珠出于蚌胎，佳子弟出于门庭。
颈联转到正面写致虚庵。白天闲坐庵中，眼前的山景如一幅幅图画映出；入夜倚于窗前，只觉风雨飒飒而来。这是脍炙人口的名句。诗评家认为这两句“奇”。之所以奇，是因为：第一，化静为动。将致虚庵依山傍水的位置，作了动态描写。“出”、“来”二字，将山水写活。第二，化实为虚。什么样的“画图”，尽可让读者去想象；夜来风雨是隔窗听到，并非眼见，也是虚写实事。第三，情景交融。五句写视觉，六句写听觉，整联都有能视能听的主体存在。宴坐的闲适，听雨的从容，都在不言之中。庵主高雅的人格、广阔的胸襟，与前两联一脉相承。只不过前两联是直叙，这里是衬托。
尾联总收全诗，照应开头。以闲逸之心观山观水，山水的妙境能常现于心目之前。而山水的清淑之气又能涤荡肠胃，使此心澄清无滓，一尘不染。这里一方面说胡逸老，另一方面也披露了诗人自己的胸襟。
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黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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