悲歌
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两汉]：佚名
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思念故乡，郁郁累累。
欲归家无人，欲渡河无船。
心思不能言，肠中车轮转。
悲歌译文及注释
译文
无法还乡，悲歌一曲代替思家的哭泣，登高望远就当做回到了故乡。
茫茫的草木，重重的山岗遮住了远望的视线，思乡的忧愁盈满心怀。
家里已经没有亲人了，哪里还有家可归？即便是有家可归，也回不去，因为前途坎坷，走投无路，无船可渡。
很想向人诉说思乡之情、痛苦遭遇，但有许多难言之隐，只好憋闷在心中，心里万分痛苦，就像车轮在肠子里转动一般，阵阵绞痛。
注释
可以：这里是“聊以”的意思。当（dāng）：代也。
郁郁累累（léi léi）：重重积累之貌，形容忧思很重。郁郁，愁闷的样子。累累，失意的样子。
思：悲也。
“肠中”句：形容内心十分痛苦。司马迁《报任安书》：“肠一日而九回。”
参考资料：
1、余冠英 选注．乐府诗选．北京：人民文学出版社，1954（第2版）：52
2、（宋）郭茂倩编 崇贤书院释译．乐府诗集．北京：新世界出版社，2014：191-192
悲歌创作背景
这首《悲歌》当作于东汉时期。东汉后期社会动荡不安。由于社会动荡，普通百姓流浪在外，无家可归。此诗可能就作于这种背景之下。其具体创作时间未详。
参考资料：
1、百度百科.悲歌
悲歌鉴赏
这首古辞收在《乐府诗集·杂曲歌辞》中，写游子思乡不得归的悲哀。“悲歌可以当泣”，诗一开头，劈头劈脑拦腰斩断许多内容，不难理解，这位悲歌者在此之前不知哭泣过多少回了，由于太伤心，以至最后以放声悲歌代替哭泣。接着写他这样悲哀的原因：“远望可以当归”。原来是一位游子，他远离故乡，无法还乡，只好以望乡来代替还乡了。不是真的“远望可以当归”，而只是聊以解忧，无可奈何罢了。这两句把许许多多人的生活体验作了典型的艺术概括，是最能引起读者共鸣的，所以成为千古名句。
“思念故乡，郁郁累累”，这是承接“远望”写远望所见，远望还是没有见到故乡。“郁郁”是写草木郁郁葱葱。“累累”是写山岗累累。“岭树重遮千里目”，茫茫的草木，重重的山岗遮住了望眼，难见故乡，不见亲人。
“欲归家无人，欲渡河无船。”这两句是写思乡而未还乡的原因。家里已经没有亲人了，已经无家可归了。即便是有家可归，也回不去，因为“欲渡河无船”。所谓“欲渡河无船”，不仅仅是指眼前无船可渡，而是说自己处处受阻，前途坎坷，走投无路的意思，是这位游子悲惨命运的形象写照。这正是他思乡、望乡的根本原因。这样写，就比《艳歌行》所表达的要沉痛得多了。
“心思不能言，肠中车轮转。”这两句写游子心中纷烦复杂、无限愁怅的思绪难以倾诉，就好像有车轮在肠中转动。末句用形象的比喻手法写出远在他乡的征夫的无限离愁，把感觉中的心理体验转化为视觉上的形象存在，比喻贴切恰当，不但“转”字关合得自然，同时能准确传神地传达出痛楚之感：愁绪随车轮转动而缓缓抽出，绵延不绝。
这首诗和《古歌·秋风萧萧愁杀人》在思想内容上相似。最后两句均是“心思不能言，肠中车轮转”。但《古歌》是触景生情，而这首诗，既不写景，也不叙事，它以肺腑之言，真挚的感情痛苦的体验而动人心弦。可以说，抒情诗的意境，并不在于写景和叙事，只要感情真挚感人能引起共鸣，那么诗的意境就在不同的读者的脑海中幻化为丰富多彩的艺术形象了。
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